how to write a hypothesis history

How to write a good hypothesis for history

The actions at Evergreen college and Griffin suggest the problem is getting worse, not better. Supposedly no experiment can distinguish between the two cosmologies.

State the alpha level. He says two things are almost identical when they are not. Jeremiah Reynolds also delivered lectures on the "Hollow Earth" and argued for an expedition.

In recent decades, the idea has become a staple of the science fiction and adventure genres, appearing in print; in film, notably as the premise for the creatures in Kong: Although Whorf lacked an advanced degree in linguistics, his reputation reflects his acquired competence.

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Much of the recent grassroots energy has been stimulated by the realization that the ACA may actually go away. Not satisfied with the assigned expert. If you have more time on hands, select a days-away deadline and pay less.

A sample of 30 patients who have tried the raw cornstarch diet have a mean glucose level of Cultivating their home language, children create their own cultural identity and become aware of their roots.

On the other hand, a second "use it or lose it" approach dictates that if an L2 user begins to learn at an early age and continues on through his life, then his language-learning circuitry should remain active.

Findings showed 'from birth bilinguals' had significantly more difficulty distinguishing Catalan words from non-words differing in specific vowels than Catalan-dominants did measured by reaction time.

This is something hard to come by in the industry of essay help online. Hypothesis Testing Examples 1: And the other dangerous development is that the Democrats need to figure out how to reach disaffected voters, and the current mood of the party is far closer to demonizing them.

However, general second-language research has failed to support the critical period hypothesis in its strong form i. Specifically, learners with lower alphabetic literacy levels are significantly less likely to notice corrective feedback on form or to perform elicited imitation tasks accurately.

Deaf and feral children[ edit ] Cases of deaf and feral children provide evidence for a biologically determined CP for L1. One Sample Hypothesis Testing Examples: Therefore, they created their own algorithmic model, with the following assumptions: Frequently asked questions about custom writing What is GradeMiners.

She was kept strapped to a potty chair and forced to wear diapers. Passage of such a bill would translate into immediate, tangible benefits to individuals across the political spectrum.

Every research is unique, so are the specifications and recommendations for writing it. Compliance with academic standards.

Thus they are not only able to speak two languages in spite of being very young but they also acquire knowledge about the different cultures and environments.

Ancestors of the Inca supposedly came from underground caves which are located east of CuzcoPeru. We offer a wide range of solutions covering more than 50 subjects: SLA theories explain learning processes and suggest causal factors for a possible CP for second language acquisition.

It will bankrupt the struggling members of the working and middle classes who find themselves in a serious health crisis. There is power lying in the street in the form of bills that would actually help voters and themselves.

The Year China Discovered the World published as Ossendowski said he was told about a subterranean kingdom that exists inside the Earth.

In Celtic mythology there is a legend of a cave called " Cruachan ", also known as "Ireland's gate to Hell", a mythical and ancient cave from which according to legend strange creatures would emerge and be seen on the surface of the Earth.

Parameters[ edit ] In his book Women, Fire and Dangerous things: Their true vertical depth TVD are typically less than m. They conclude that the left temporal lobe is the physical base of L1, but the L2 is 'stored' elsewhere, thus explaining cases of bilingual aphasia where one language remains intact.

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Who wrote Genesis? Did Moses really write Genesis?

A deadly hypothesis denying that Moses had anything to do with Genesis, based on spurious scholarship, is still widely being taught to.

Hypothesis Testing. The main purpose of statistics is to test a hypothesis. For example, you might run an experiment and find that a certain.

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Affordable prices and written from scratch by highly qualified academic writers. Misleading stereotypes of scientists. MISCONCEPTION: Science is a solitary pursuit. CORRECTION: When scientists are portrayed in movies and television shows, they are often ensconced in silent laboratories, alone with their bubbling degisiktatlar.com can make science seem isolating.

In fact, many scientists work in busy labs or field stations, surrounded by other scientists and students. The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom - Kindle edition by Jonathan Haidt. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets.

Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom.

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What Are Examples of a Hypothesis? - ThoughtCo.

A Strong Hypothesis A Step in the Process. Keep in mind that writing the hypothesis is an early step in the process. Hypotheses Tips. Our staff scientists offer the following tips for thinking about. Putting it in Action. To help demonstrate the above principles and techniques for.

Review with students various hypotheses that were created for the History Detectives series. Emphasize that even in History Detectives, the experts first come up with a theory they need to prove or disprove before jumping to any conclusions. Students should likewise create a hypothesis that they will be able to test.The best way is to turn the hypothesis into a Key Inquiry Question in order to begin your research. For example, someone's hypothesis could be: Constantine the Great founded the Catholic Church at the Council of Nicaea in AD 325.Next, you need to design an experiment to test this hypothesis. Let's say you decide to eat greasy food every day for a week and record the effect on your face. Then, as a control, you'll avoid greasy food for the next week and see what happens.

When you write your hypothesis, it should be based on your “educated guess” not on known data. Similarly, the hypothesis should be written before you begin your experimental proceduresnot after the fact. Our staff scientists offer the following tips for thinking about and writing good hypotheses. The question comes first.

In research, an investigator is able to either support or reject a hypothesis. If a hypothesis is rejected, it will lead an investigator to new hypothesis to explain the phenomenon in question. If a hypothesis is continually supported, it may evolve into a theory (Leedy and Ormrod, 2001).

How to Write a Hypothesis for a Badass Research Paper in 3 Steps. Before you start writing, you’ll need to choose a topic. It’s a given that, if you’re allowed to choose your topic, then you should choose something you’re interested in.

Hypotheses and Methods This is the second video on the writing better science series, with this episode focusing on the Hypothesis, Method and Results. Introductions.

There are a number of things to consider when testing your research hypothesis in the Humanities discipline. A hypothesis is: An assertion, conjecture or premise, subject to verification via research The consequence of organizing our questions and other information The expected answers that grow out of the research question How do you evaluate your hypotheses? You should ask yourself.

If you don’t know much about the given topic, it is better to start with studying the general history of the period and standard textbooks, for example, The Cambridge Ancient History. Your essay on ancient history should be a structured piece of persuasive writing with proper arguments and evidence.

To support teachers who are teaching from home, we have made onestopenglish free until the end of June 2020. No need to sign in or register. If you are a current subscriber and have any questions, please contact us. Please feel free to share the resources—remember to acknowledge the source and use the original without any alterations.

Writing a hypothesis is key to having a good essay, it gives you guide in following the right direction that will take you to the conclusion. For you to have a good hypothesis conduct proper research, your hypothesis should be helpful, under stable and provable.

Your hypothesis is like a good guess or prediction of what you expect to find from carrying out your experiment - in other words, it is like an answer to your aim. However, even though your hypothesis is a good guess, it is stated as a definite prediction e.g. X 'will' or 'will not' happen.

Check some literature review examples to decide how to start writing a good literature review. When your goals and structure are defined, begin writing without forgetting your target at any moment. Here you have a to-do list to help you write your review: A scientific literature review usually includes a title, abstract, index, introduction.

Write a paragraph or more to explain the cause and effect relationship in the hypothesis. Optional Step: Vocabulary Preview Depending on the needs of your class, it might be a good idea to preview some vocabulary before students watch the video.

How to write a good summary A research summary is a professional piece of writing that describes your research to some prospective audience. Main priority of a research summary is to provide the reader with a brief overview of the whole study.

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Why don’t you start history research with a hypothesis?

A solution to student frustrations with history research tasks

"Why don't you make your students start their research by writing a hypothesis?"

I have been asked this question many times by other teachers. Their curiosity is driven by the fact that a vast majority of history educators, including myself, were taught during teacher training that it was important that students had a hypothesis written before they began gathering evidence from sources to support their argument.

After teaching high school History for almost nine years, I find that I teach the historical research process very differently to many of my peers. People want to know why that is, and so, this blog post is my attempt at explaining it.

I used to do it that way

As a new teacher, I did what I had been taught to do in teacher training: I told my students that they had to conduct background research on their topic before they tried to find sources .

After their background reading and before they looked for sources, I forced my students to write down a 'tentative hypothesis': a statement or argument about their chosen topic.

This would be what they were seeking to prove in their research essay .

As a result, they were to then begin gathering quotes from historical sources to justify this argument.

However, it turned out to be an incredibly painful process, for both me and the students.

I have found out over the years, that most teachers and students also find this quite an arduous process.

Students genuinely struggle to write a sophisticated argument early in their research process.

Even though they couldn’t articulate it at the time, it is primarily due to the fact that students are very much aware of their own ignorance on the topic.

Even after doing extensive background research, they still don’t have sufficient knowledge in order to draw a conclusion.

In reality, most teachers press their students to write something down as a hypothesis, even if they are not entirely happy with it. These teachers argue that it is ‘fine’ to start with something that you’re not 100 percent confident in, as students should continually modify their initial hypothesis as they begin reading their historical sources.  

What I discovered as a new teacher is that, after completing all their source research, students end up with a totally different hypothesis than the one they began with. This is due to the fact that when they actually read what good historical sources said, they were able to find more concrete information about their topic. As a result, after reading all of their sources, they finally create a hypothesis that had absolutely no relationship to their original statement. 

A student identified the problem with this approach

This highlighted an obvious fact that was pointed out to me by a student:

"Why don’t we just wait until we complete all of our source research before writing our hypothesis?"

I had to admit, it was a good question. If they did this, they would only have to write their hypothesis once, and they would have all of the information they needed to construct a statement that they were confident in.

The following year, I decided to try this new idea. Instead of starting with a proposed hypothesis, my students were asked to start with a very specific research question, known as a Key Inquiry Question . It was only after they had completed all of their source research that they then had to create their hypothesis , which was, in reality, an answer to their Key Inquiry Question . 

After completing their first research task using this new system, I asked my students for their feedback. To my amazement, they were glowing and enthusiastic with their comments.

Without exception, all of my students said they found this approach far easier, more logical, and gave them a more focused approach to their source research. As a result, even though I tweaked parts of the process, I have never gone back to the old system.

Other problems with an 'initial hypothesis'

Over the years, I have talked to dozens of other History teachers who have experienced the same frustrations that I did under the old system, but felt that there was no alternate solution. As a result of our discussions, a number of other problems with starting research with a hypothesis have become apparent:

1. It encourages confirmation bias

When students have to assume their answer before they read their sources, many tend to only look for and read sources which confirm their initial hypothesis. As a result, students struggle to find a wide variety of perspectives in their sources, as they proactively seek sources that support their preconceived ideas.

Consequently, this produces essays that have a heavy ‘confirmation bias’: using only those sources that agree with what the student assumed to be correct before they had begun their research.

2. It can waste a lot of time by leading students astray

If students created a particularly poor hypothesis, they can spend a significant amount of time trying to find sources that support their erroneous assumptions. This can lead to  a ‘moment of crisis’ when, after hours of research, students discover that almost no sources agree with they said in their proposed hypothesis.

Teachers typically try and circumvent this by 'vetoing' hypotheses before students begin research. Usually this results in teachers guiding students back to doing more background research or teachers personally guiding students to writing an entirely new hypothesis. Unfortunately, teachers frequently end up doing the 'heavy lifting' when rewriting student hypotheses in order to avoid wasted time, and students proceed with their research, still ignorant about what they needed to do to create a better statement.

Other teachers try to avoid this by saying, “Then, students need to continually modify their hypothesis during their research". This then returns to what my student had mentioned all those years ago: that a final hypothesis is actually the result of a completed research process, which shows that actually reading the sources before drawing a conclusion is a far more logical and efficient approach.

3. It tends to minimise historiography

The entire academic field of history is predicated on the fact that we only know about the past based upon what survives in the sources. Therefore, we should not, in general, assume we know what happened in the past before we read the sources. We should encourage students to read the sources from the past first, with a critical eye , before they start drawing conclusions about what they know about the past.

The new approach

After eight years of asking students to only write their hypothesis after completing their research, I am very happy with their results. Now, I take the time to teach my students to have a very specific Key Inquiry Question before they begin their research. This question drives their source research and they use the information found in the sources to write a final answer to the question. This is what then becomes their final hypothesis .

While students will still take the time to refine their hypothesis based upon what they found in their sources, their answers tend to be more specific and detailed when done in this way. Furthermore, my students are far more confident in what they are arguing because they have written the answer themselves, based entirely upon their own research. There is little teacher interference in their research process and students tend to become truly independent learners.

To see how this process works, from start to finish, explore the 'Research' page on History Skills .

Are there any problems with this approach?

Just like any system, this approach is not perfect. Students find that they still struggle at various stages: writing good research questions , finding specific information in sources to answer their questions, and feeling confident that they have enough information to create a hypothesis.

However, I find that these struggles are now more personalised for each student, unlike the old system where almost all students found initial hypothesis creation to be a significant hurdle.

Why is this not a more popular approach?

Despite what I have said here, I have been surprised by how unwilling other teachers are to abandon the old approach. Even though I continue to talk with educators who vent their frustrations with how difficult it is to get students to write good hypotheses before their research, and how so many of their students struggle with the process, they still look with scepticism on this alternate approach.

I have wondered whether there is a case of 'the better the devil you know...' happening in their minds. Teachers have been taught for so long that their is only one way, and that they've seen most of their peers doing the same thing, that they feel more comfortable maintaining the  status quo rather than trying out something new.

All I would say is, there is an alternative, and it's been a revelation for my students. Over my time as a teacher, I have picked up students who have only ever been taught under the old system and are shocked when they journey with me under this new approach. Every time, these students give me overwhelmingly positive feedback.

Finally, I think it is particularly telling that I have never had a single student tell me that they wanted to go back to the old way of doing things.

So what do you have to lose? Why not give it a go? 

Write a comment

Kim Brett ( Tuesday, 12 November 2019 16:14 )

Totally agree with your approach. I have been doing this for years as my students and I found it to make the most sense. Science seems to take the hypothesis first approach but we are different. Long live the Rebel Teacher!

Kim Brett ( Tuesday, 12 November 2019 16:31 )

Just another thought. The "To what extent..." style question is popping up all over the place eg IA1 in Old). I have therefore been encouraging my top students to write a KIQ for their research assignments. Any thoughts? Could you address this on your KIQ page?

History Skills ( Wednesday, 13 November 2019 13:12 )

Thanks for the feedback and thoughts, Kim. I have now updated the Key Inquiry Question page to provide some more advice for students. Let me know your thoughts.

Peter ( Thursday, 16 April 2020 21:17 )

Hi, Thanks for your efforts with this page. It is very useful. I was wondering where a 'thesis' fits into historical writing from your perspective. I may have missed it but can't find it in your documents or on this website. In your historical journal you point their inquiry towards developing an hypothesis, delivered in one sentence. This is usually where I would ask students to develop their thesis statement - which then sits above their arguments in the introduction. Where do you see this fitting in?

History Skills ( Thursday, 16 April 2020 21:21 )

Hi, Peter. Great question. For all practical purposes, hypotheses and theses are interchangeable in this blog post. In my own personal teaching, I use "thesis" in my English classes and "hypotheses" History classrooms. Whatever your preference of term, the advice in the blog post could apply equally. I hope that helps. Good luck with your own teaching challenges.

Stacey Coralde ( Tuesday, 09 June 2020 23:19 )

This is the best website I've ever used.... "History Skills" is sooo good!!!

Graeme ( Monday, 21 June 2021 16:56 )

Hi Peter, regarding the 'it's better the devil you know' argument I think you've also touched on a bias some history teachers have of valuing old ideas and systems of thinking.

What do you need help with?

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How To Correctly Write A Hypothesis

One of the most important skills a scientist has is his/her ability to write a good hypothesis. For today's homework you will be practicing how to write a hypothesis correctly.

Here a few of the basic steps. There are three basic types of hypotheses: the general hypothesis , a specific hypothesis , and a measurable hypothesis . The general hypothesis states the general relationship between the major variables. The specific hypothesis fills in important details about the variables given in the hypothesis. The measurable hypothesis refines the specific hypothesis by stating the direction of the difference or nature of the relationship.

Consider the following example: Anne has observed that Hopkins 8th grade girls seem to get better grades on organization skills tests such as notebook quizzes than 8th grade boys. She wants to scientifically determine whether or not this is true. Anne writes a general hypothesis which states: "Boys and girls receive different grades on organizational skills tests." Do you notice how general this hypothesis is? Do you see that it does not state the direction of the difference? Anne later writes a specific hypothesis which states: "Hopkins 8th grade girls receive different grades on notebook quizzes than 8th grade boys." Do you see that she has now given some specific details about the variables involved in the hypothesis? However, this hypothesis does not predict the nature of the difference. Do the girls get better grades than the boys or do the boys get better grades than the girls? Anne finally writes a measurable hypothesis. The measurable hypothesis states: "Eighth grades girls will earn significantly higher grades on notebook quizzes than eighth grade boys." Do you see that Anne has now stated a direction of the hypothesis? Anne is predicting girls will receive higher grades. What difference will you measure? The difference in scores on notebook quizzes between the girls and boys. Anne has also added the word "significantly". This suggests that she will be testing her hypothesis statistically.

So how should you write a hypothesis? First, identify what the problem is. If you fail to identify the problem, you most certainly will have difficulty writing the hypothesis. Second, make an educated guess as to what direction of the relationship or difference is. Third, identify the major variables. Now you are ready to write a hypothesis. Start by stating the general hypothesis in a simple declarative statement. Do not use the terms "I think" to start the hypothesis. Now that you have given written the general hypothesis, write the specific hypothesis. With the specific hypothesis behind you, finish with the measurable hypothesis. You will get a chance to practice this skill in the problems below.

Exercises on Writing Hypotheses

• What is the difference between a general and a measurable hypothesis?
• Which of the three types of hypotheses described do you think a scientist is likely to use in his/her research?
• Why is it important to state a direction of the difference or relationship when writing a specific hypothesis?
• Why is it inappropriate to begin a hypothesis with the words "I think"?
• Mark believes that groceries at Costco will be less expensive than groceries at Safeway. Write a general, specific, and measurable hypothesis related to Mark's observation. General Hypothesis___________________________________________________ Specific Hypothesis_________________________________________________ Measurable Hypothesis________________________________________________
• Leslie has observed that more small dogs are adopted at animal shelters than large dogs. Write a general, specific, and measurable hypothesis related to Leslie's observation. The specific and measurable hypothesis must define in the hypothesis what is meant by a small and large dog. These categories should not overlap. (Small dogs are " > " some amount). General Hypothesis___________________________________________________ Specific Hypothesis_________________________________________________ Measurable Hypothesis________________________________________________
• Amy believes the younger the driver the more speeding tickets a driver will receive. Write a general and measurable hypothesis related to Amy's observation. This one should be written as a relationship. An example of this type of hypothesis might be, "There is a significant positive relationship between the income a person receives each year and the square footage of his/her home." That suggests that as a person's income increases the size of his/her home increases. If a relationship was in the opposite direction (as one element increases the other decreases), then it would be written as a significant negative relationship. General Hypothesis___________________________________________________ Measurable Hypothesis________________________________________________
• Roger has observed that the dropout rate for freshman students who take honors classes is less than students who do not take honors classes. Write a general, specific, and measurable hypothesis related to Roger's observation. General Hypothesis___________________________________________________ Specific Hypothesis_________________________________________________ Measurable Hypothesis________________________________________________
• Sometimes a general observation may lead to several different hypotheses. For example if you notices that seniors received better grades than freshman, sophomores, or juniors you might hypothesize: "Seniors receive significantly higher grades than freshman, sophomores, or juniors. In that case seniors would be compared to all other students. A more specific approach would break this comparison up. In that case the seniors would be compared to the freshmen, then the sophomores, and finally the juniors. In some cases this might provide more useful information. Read the scenario which follows and write three measurable hypotheses based upon the different groups being compared. Frank notices that when the seventh grade girls are able to do better on the "bend and reach test" flexibility test than seventh grade boys, eighth grade boys, or eighth grade girls. Hypothesis #1________________________________________________________ Hypothesis #2________________________________________________________ Hypothesis #3________________________________________________________
• Read the scenario which follows and write three measurable hypotheses based upon the three different variables being considered. In some cases new researchers combine variables to make a very complex hypothesis that may be difficult or impossible to test. It is often best to simplify variables where possible so that only two variables are being compared, one independent and one dependent variable. Scientists from the Department of Fish and Game have noticed that trout are more likely to get parasites when they are living in shallower, warmer, and muddy waters. Hypothesis #1________________________________________________________ Hypothesis #2________________________________________________________ Hypothesis #3________________________________________________________

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How to write a hypothesis for a research paper.

A hypothesis is an indispensable component of the scientific method that establishes the ground of scientific experiments. It is a conditional statement that introduces the research question and proposes an expected result. It is the foundation of any research and clearly defines what questions the study seeks to answer. Hence, it would be best if you are thorough when constructing your hypothesis.

In a research hypothesis, it is necessary to create a valid hypothesis for your scientific experiments. The most crucial factor for a valid/testable hypothesis is its empirical verification, which makes it possible to confirm or refute the hypothesis. The question remains: “how to write a good hypothesis”?

How to Write a Hypothesis Fast?

Writing a good hypothesis could be very demanding. Many intelligent students and researchers still consider hypothesis writing a very daunting task. One of the trickiest aspects of designing a research method , and publishing any research paper is writing a hypothesis.

Any experiment hinges on the alternative hypothesis (H1) or (Ha) and the null hypothesis (H0). However, learning the art of writing a hypothesis will prove to be effortless with practice, and may soon become your favorite part in research! Of course, you may already have a few ideas of how to create a hypothesis, but with our research hypothesis example and guide, you will quickly become a pro at it!

First, you must learn how to write a hypothesis statement. You need to know how to ask the right questions and phrase your hypothesis statements correctly. Once you can nail down this part successfully, you have learned to create a hypothesis, and your research will flow easily. Ready to know how to write a hypothesis in a redearch paper? Read on!

Writing Guide For Research Hypothesis

The three-step process is the most fool-proof guide on how to write a good hypothesis. The three-step process is a great way to simplify and narrow things down. This process involves:

• Ask a question/develop the research problem.
• Gather background information.
• Construct the hypothesis.
• Why do trout have more fish lice in the summer?
• How long does it take apples to grow?
• How do viruses cause human infection?
• How did humans evolve from Apes?
• Gather Background InformationIt is time to proceed in the experiment by collecting data from the several leads you find. Sources like academic journals, case studies, etc., will come in handy.Bear in mind that when gathering background information, you may come across many contradictions to your questions. Say, for example, you saw in a journal that bacteria and not virus is responsible for infections. These findings should not deter you because it doesn’t make your hypothesis invalid. You could decide to address these concerns in your experiment using their results as potential rebuttals.

Why do trout have more fish lice in the summer? Let’s say you notice that trout appear to have more fish lice in the summer at low water levels. You may think that the amount of oxygen is the culprit because oxygen-stressed fish tend to be more susceptible to parasites and disease. Propose a general hypothesis “Water levels influence the number of lice on rainbow trout.” The general hypothesis gives no clue to how to design the experiment. Therefore, it needs a rudder to steer it in a direction. Propose a refined hypothesis “Rainbow trout have more lice when water levels drop.” Despite this added direction, the hypothesis is not yet really testable so: Design a testable hypothesis “Rainbow trout have more lice due to the reduced oxygen levels when the water level is low.” Now you have what passes as a plausible hypothesis in a research paper. This method is also how to write a hypothesis for a research proposal.

Alternative Hypothesis Vs Null Hypothesis

You may need to carry out some statistical analysis depending on what your research is on. To be able to do this, you must learn how to write a null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis.

Writing a null hypothesis is quite straightforward. A null hypothesis (H0) postulates that there is no significant difference or relationship between two variables. It also implies that observed differences are due to sampling or experimental error. Your research should aim at discrediting or disapproving the null hypothesis. Here is how to write a null hypothesis:

From the trout example, the null hypothesis is that the amount of oxygen in water is independent of water levels.

An alternative hypothesis (H1) or (Ha) posits that there is a statistically significant difference or relationship between the two variables. It also implies that there is evidential support of such a difference. Again, from the same trout example, the alternative hypothesis is that the amount of oxygen is dependent on water levels.

On how to write a hypothesis APA format, the H representing hypothesis should be in italics. Also, you have to establish the hypothesis that your predictor variables will have a relationship with your outcome variables. That is a clear statement of support or nonsupport of your hypothesis.

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Research questions are questions asked to initiate research, unlike hypotheses, which are statements. For example, in writing research questions, one may ask, “What is the effect of oxygen levels on the health of trout?” A hypothesis, on the other hand, would state, “I predict low oxygen levels will reduce the life-span of trout.” Hence a hypothesis gives a clear stand concerning research questions.

We have learned a lot about writing hypotheses. Can you see how easy it is to write? Are you ready to write your hypothesis? Our professional writers are ready to help you. Let’s do it together!

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Research Paper Guide

How To Write A Hypothesis

Last updated on: Feb 8, 2023

How to Write a Hypothesis - A Step-by-Step Guide

By: Nathan D.

Reviewed By: Rylee W.

Published on: Jul 16, 2019

A hypothesis is generally a statement that a researcher has to test through scientific methods subjectively. Unlike a thesis statement, a hypothesis does not require a researcher to prove it right in any circumstance.

It is a statement that is developed prior to research, experiment, or data collection. In simple words, it is a proposed explanation for any idea, study, or phenomenon.

For  research paper writing , thesis, case studies, or dissertation, you will have to write a hypothesis first. Continue reading the article to learn how to write a good hypothesis effectively.

On this Page

What is a Hypothesis?

A hypothesis is a proposed or supposition explanation that a researcher forms based on limited reference about a specific phenomenon. This statement is further investigated to analyze its validity and significance.

A hypothesis statement is an initial point from where an investigation begins. Moreover, it translates the major research question into a prediction.

In professional terms, a hypothesis is an idea whose merit requires evaluation and interpretation. For this purpose, the researcher needs to define the specifics of the hypothesis in operational terms.

It requires a researcher to study in detail whether to approve it or disapprove of it. In this process, the hypothesis either becomes a part of the theory, or a theory itself.

Functions of Hypothesis

Learning the correct writing procedure is not enough if you are not aware of the basic functions that your hypothesis performs. To make your hypothesis stand out, understand the below-given functions

• First and foremost, a hypothesis contributes to making your research, observation, and experiment possible
• This helps in starting the basic investigation about the subject
• It verifies the observation
• It provides the right direction to your inquiries

Components of a Hypothesis

Like other sentences and statements, a hypothesis has major components that play a significant role in making it impactful. It is essential to learn about these parts when you are researching academics.

The following are the different components of the hypothesis:

How to Write a Hypothesis?

Just like every other formal or academic task, writing a hypothesis includes a process. Although there are no set of rules to follow while developing a hypothesis.

However, it is recommended that you follow some steps to ensure a quality statement. These steps will make it easier for you to formulate a strong hypothesis to provide a great direction for your research.

Following is a step-by-step- procedure to write a hypothesis.

1. Develop a Question

When writing a hypothesis, the first thing is to develop a research question that you want to answer in your research. The question that you will formulate should be specific, focused, and researchable within the constraints of your assignment.

2. Conduct a Basic Research

The initial answer to your research question will be spontaneous and based on pre-existing knowledge about the subject. Search for theories and information to form a basic assumption that you will investigate further.

At this stage of creating a hypothesis, a researcher can develop a conceptual framework to identify the variables and their relationship.

3. Develop a Rough Hypothesis

Formulate a rough statement on the available knowledge to provide an idea about what to expect from your research. Brainstorm the answer for this raw question and present it into a clear and concise sentence.

4. Refine the Statement Made

Now that you have a rough statement in hand, it is time to refine and make it a testable hypothesis. There are several ways to shape your hypothesis, but you can arrange your statement keeping in view the parts.

Make sure that your refined statement must contain the following things:

• Relevant variables
• The group being studied
• The predicted result of the research or experiment

5. Phrasing the Hypothesis

The hypothesis can be phrased in three ways. Depending on the requirement of the research and the field type, select a phrasing pattern.

• To phrase the hypothesis, identify the variables, use a simple prediction pattern of “if...then” form. Present the independent variable first and then the dependent variable in your hypothesis statement.
• When developing a hypothesis for academic research, you can choose correlation and effect phrasing. In this way, you directly present the predicted relationship between the two variables.
• If the statement compares the two groups, the paraphrasing of the hypothesis can be done by stating the expected difference.

6. Write a Null Hypothesis

If your research is based on statistical testing of the hypothesis, you will have to present a null hypothesis. The null hypothesis states that there is no relationship or association between the two variables.

How to Write a Null Hypothesis?

There are two types of hypotheses, the null hypothesis, and the alternative hypothesis. A null hypothesis states that there is no difference between certain characteristics of a population while an alternative hypothesis states otherwise.

So, how does a null hypothesis work? Below is a four-step process to come up with a null hypothesis.

• The analyst will come up with two hypotheses and test them.
• Next, he formulates an analysis plan and decides the ways through which those hypotheses would be analyzed.
• The sample data and hypotheses are evaluated and analyzed.
• The final step is to analyze the acquired results and decide whether the null hypothesis is correct or not.

Other than null analysis, alternative hypotheses are also used. An alternative hypothesis is opposite to the null hypothesis and they are independent of each other.

What kind of Sources should I Add to my Hypothesis

It is important to look for credible and relevant sources of information while writing a hypothesis for your  research proposal . A researcher has to consult these sources to check the reliability and validity of your primary idea.

In case you are wondering what sources will work best for your hypothesis, check out the following:

• Find relevant phenomena that have some resemblance to yours
• Evaluate the studies and observations from the past
• Analyze what the current time has to say about the idea
• Search the competitor’s ideas and opinions
• Analyze scientific theories
• Dig deeper into the patterns that influence people and their thinking

Types of Hypothesis

Depending on the field and  research methods  to collect data, hypotheses can have different types. When writing a research paper, it is essential to know all the types well to form a strong and relevant hypothesis.

Following are the six main types of hypothesis:

• Simple Hypothesis  - A simple hypothesis is a statement that shows a relationship between two variables; an independent and dependent variable. For example, doing exercise can help you lose weight faster. Here doing exercise is an independent variable while losing weight is dependent.
• Complex Hypothesis  - A complex hypothesis presents a relationship between two or more dependent and independent variables. For example, exercising and eating lots of vegetables can reduce weight and other fatal diseases such as heart disease.
• Directional Hypothesis  - A directional hypothesis is a statement that presents the researcher’s commitment to a particular result. Moreover, the relationship between different variables also predicts its nature. For example, people who are sleep-deprived for 24 hours will have more cold symptoms than those who oversleep.
• Non-Directional Hypothesis  - A non-directional hypothesis is used when there is no theory involved. It shows an existing relationship between two variables without highlighting the exact relationship’s nature.
• Null Hypothesis  - A null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between the two variables. Similarly, it also contended that there is not enough information to state the scientific hypothesis. The ‘H0’ symbol denotes this hypothesis.
• Alternative Hypothesis  - It is a statement that the research forms when he disapproves the null hypothesis. As the name suggests, it is an alternative statement to your null hypothesis highlighting the relationship between the variables. It is denoted by ‘H1’.
• Associative and Causal Hypothesis  - In an associative hypothesis, a change in one variable results in a difference in the other variable. On the other hand, the causal hypothesis presents a cause and effect interaction between the two variables.

Characteristics of a Good Hypothesis

Professional writers believe that a hypothesis has certain features that help it become stronger and more effective. These characteristics include:

• To make the hypothesis credible, it should be clear and precise
• If you have chosen a hypothesis type that will state the relationship between the two variables, it should be obvious
• A strong hypothesis is specific and has clear scope for conducting more studies and tests
• The explanation of the hypothesis must be simple. Keep in mind that the simplicity of the hypothesis has nothing to do with its significance

Only a strong hypothesis will motivate the readers to read the entire paper. So make sure that you carefully develop a hypothesis for your research.

Hypothesis Examples

If you are writing a paper for the first time, it is suggested by professionals to go through a few examples. It will help you understand the pattern in which you should be working.

Below-given are examples of how hypotheses are developed for different research experiments.

HOW TO WRITE A HYPOTHESIS FOR RESEARCH PAPER

HOW TO WRITE A HYPOTHESIS FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

Going through these examples will help you understand better which course of action should be chosen for your research. If it is still difficult for you to look for sources and write a compelling hypothesis, get help from professionals.

5StarEssays.com is a professional ‘ write my essay for me? ’ service that provides different academic writing services. Whether you are looking for an expert to write a compelling essay or any form of paper, we have your back.

Our experts draft all your assignments carefully, ensuring that each part is well-written and structured. Get your assignment today by simply placing your order at the most affordable price.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you turn a question into a hypothesis.

You can change and transform a question into a hypothesis by changing it into a statement.

Is a hypothesis a prediction?

No, a hypothesis is not a prediction but rather a possibility. The researcher ‘hopes’ to obtain a certain kind of result through the experimentation. This possibility or expected results are the hypothesis.

Can a hypothesis be a question?

No, a hypothesis is and should be a statement and not a question.

Do all research papers have a hypothesis?

No, some research papers are based on exploratory research, which is used to develop the hypothesis. So, such a research paper does not need a hypothesis.

Masters Essay, College Admission Essay

Nathan completed his Ph.D. in journalism and has been writing articles for well-respected publications for many years now. His work is carefully researched and insightful, showing a true passion for the written word. Nathan's clients appreciate his expertise, deep understanding of the process, and ability to communicate difficult concepts clearly.

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