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   Major Publications (2021-2022)--Indexed Journals 

• Sreerama D, Surana M, Moolchandani K, Chaturvedula L, Keepanasseril A, Keepanasseril A, Pillai AA, Nair NS. Percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2021; 100(4):666-675.
• Gowri D, Vandana G, Palanivel C, Subhalakshmi B. Experiences and Felt Needs of Women during Childbirth in a Tertiary Care Centre: a Hospital‑Based Cross‑Sectional Descriptive Study. J Obstet and Gynecol India. 2021;6; XX.
• Sireesha MU, Chitra T, Subbaiah M, Nandeesha H. Effect of laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy on ovarian reserve in benign ovarian cysts. J Hum Reprod Sci 2021; 14:56-60.
• Bhabani Pegu, Chitra Thyagaraju, Deepthi Nayak,, Murali Subbaiah. Placenta accreta spectrum-a catastrophic situation in obstetrics. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2021;64(3):239-247.
• Subbaiah M, Chaturvedula L, Kubera NS, Raj A. Subsequent pregnancy outcome after uterine compression suture placement for postpartum hemorrhage. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2021; 00:1–6.
• Subbaiah M, Selvest N, Maurya DK. Comparison of bipolar ball endometrial ablation and transcervical resection of the endometrium in the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding: A randomized clinical trial. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther 2021; 10:143-7.
• Krishnamurthy A, Durairaj J, Subbaiah M. Evaluation of a symptom-based score in combination with CA125 to predict ovarian malignancy in women with adnexal mass. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2022; 34(1):7.
• Harika B, Subbaiah M, Maurya DK. Diagnostic Accuracy of Hysteroscopic Scoring System in Predicting Endometrial Malignancy and Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia. J Midlife Health. 2021 Jul-Sep; 12(3):206-210.
• Parveen S, Rengaraj S, Chaturvedula L. Factors associated with the outcome of TOLAC after one previous caesarean section: a retrospective cohort study. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2022 Apr 3; 42(3):430-6.
• Natarajan T, Rengaraj S, Chaturvedula L, Wyawahare M. Predictors of adverse maternal outcome in jaundiced pregnant women identified as having pregnancy-specific liver disease (P-sLD). Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2022 Jan 20:1-7

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INDIAN OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY (IOG) JOURNAL

The Indian Obstetrics & Gynaecology (IOG) Journal is a peer reviewed, indexed journal for the Obs & Gynae Fraternity with a circulation of more than 30,000.

It is an exclusive specialty publication designed for budding and established authors & researchers in the field of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The IOG Journal gives them an exhaustive platform to publish their research work apart from original research articles, review articles, case reports, book reviews, letters to the editor and other scientific information related to the fields of Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Infertility.

Cochrane Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology: What is the Contribution of Indian Studies?

Affiliations.

• 1 Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.
• 2 Indian Council of Medical Research, Delhi, India.
• PMID: 27651629
• PMCID: PMC5016388
• DOI: 10.1007/s13224-015-0683-z

Background: Cochrane reviews aim to produce evidence for health care practice globally including India. We wanted to assess the contribution of Indian origin studies in developing these systematic reviews in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the number of Indian origin studies in obstetrics and gynecology which provided conclusive data and hence contributed toward formulating Cochrane Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Methods: A total of 910 Cochrane reviews were accessed from gynecology and pregnancy and child birth list from Cochrane health topics. The details of studies included for each review were accessed from references section. Indian origin studies were then identified from this for further analysis.

Results: Of the total 910 Cochrane reviews available on the subject of obstetrics and gynecology, 93 reviews had 225 studies of Indian origin. In the subject-wise categorisation, there were 404 and 506 systematic reviews in Gynecology and Obstetrics respectively. Indian studies were included in 32 and 61 systematic reviews of Gynecology and Obstetrics respectively. Regarding the details of 225 Indian studies included for our analysis, 162 were related to Obstetrics and 63 to Gynecology. The place of study could be ascertained in 81 of the 225 studies despite extensive search. Studies published after 1980 are available in the electronic databases while the earlier studies are difficult to access. Studies with duplicate mentions were counted once.

Conclusions: There is an urgent continuing need for high quality research and its publication in India in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Awareness building measures amongst Obstetricians and Gynecologists in this regard need to be addressed. Better quality studies are especially required in specific areas posing a challenge to our country, to improve the health care practices.

Keywords: Authors; Cochrane; Contribution; Gynecology; Indian; Obstetrics; Studies.

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Volume 73 february - october 2023.

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Journal Article

Ibdah JA, Bennet MJ, Rinaldo P, Zhao Y, Gibson B, Sims HF, Strauss AW. A fetal fatty-acid oxidation disorder as a cause of liver disease in pregnant women. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1723-1731, Jun 3, 1999

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Mori K, Arai H, Abe T, Takayama H, Toyoda M, Ueno T, Sato K. Spleen stiffness correlates with the presence of ascites but not esophageal varices in chronic hepatitis C patients.

Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:857862. doi: 10.1155/2013/857862. Epub 2013 Aug 1

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• Concurrent or secondary publication is sometimes justifiable, provided certain conditions are met. Examples include: translations or a manuscript that is intended for a different group of readers.
• Results should be presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification or inappropriate data manipulation (including image based manipulation). Authors should adhere to discipline-specific rules for acquiring, selecting and processing data.
• No data, text, or theories by others are presented as if they were the author’s own (‘plagiarism’). Proper acknowledgements to other works must be given (this includes material that is closely copied (near verbatim), summarized and/or paraphrased), quotation marks (to indicate words taken from another source) are used for verbatim copying of material, and permissions secured for material that is copyrighted.

Important note: the journal may use software to screen for plagiarism.

• Authors should make sure they have permissions for the use of software, questionnaires/(web) surveys and scales in their studies (if appropriate).
• Research articles and non-research articles (e.g. Opinion, Review, and Commentary articles) must cite appropriate and relevant literature in support of the claims made. Excessive and inappropriate self-citation or coordinated efforts among several authors to collectively self-cite is strongly discouraged.
• Authors should avoid untrue statements about an entity (who can be an individual person or a company) or descriptions of their behavior or actions that could potentially be seen as personal attacks or allegations about that person.
• Research that may be misapplied to pose a threat to public health or national security should be clearly identified in the manuscript (e.g. dual use of research). Examples include creation of harmful consequences of biological agents or toxins, disruption of immunity of vaccines, unusual hazards in the use of chemicals, weaponization of research/technology (amongst others).
• Authors are strongly advised to ensure the author group, the Corresponding Author, and the order of authors are all correct at submission. Adding and/or deleting authors during the revision stages is generally not permitted, but in some cases may be warranted. Reasons for changes in authorship should be explained in detail. Please note that changes to authorship cannot be made after acceptance of a manuscript.

*All of the above are guidelines and authors need to make sure to respect third parties rights such as copyright and/or moral rights.

Upon request authors should be prepared to send relevant documentation or data in order to verify the validity of the results presented. This could be in the form of raw data, samples, records, etc. Sensitive information in the form of confidential or proprietary data is excluded.

If there is suspicion of misbehavior or alleged fraud the Journal and/or Publisher will carry out an investigation following COPE guidelines. If, after investigation, there are valid concerns, the author(s) concerned will be contacted under their given e-mail address and given an opportunity to address the issue. Depending on the situation, this may result in the Journal’s and/or Publisher’s implementation of the following measures, including, but not limited to:

• If the manuscript is still under consideration, it may be rejected and returned to the author.

- an erratum/correction may be placed with the article

- an expression of concern may be placed with the article

- or in severe cases retraction of the article may occur.

The reason will be given in the published erratum/correction, expression of concern or retraction note. Please note that retraction means that the article is maintained on the platform , watermarked “retracted” and the explanation for the retraction is provided in a note linked to the watermarked article.

• The author’s institution may be informed
• A notice of suspected transgression of ethical standards in the peer review system may be included as part of the author’s and article’s bibliographic record.

Fundamental errors

Authors have an obligation to correct mistakes once they discover a significant error or inaccuracy in their published article. The author(s) is/are requested to contact the journal and explain in what sense the error is impacting the article. A decision on how to correct the literature will depend on the nature of the error. This may be a correction or retraction. The retraction note should provide transparency which parts of the article are impacted by the error.

Suggesting / excluding reviewers

Authors are welcome to suggest suitable reviewers and/or request the exclusion of certain individuals when they submit their manuscripts. When suggesting reviewers, authors should make sure they are totally independent and not connected to the work in any way. It is strongly recommended to suggest a mix of reviewers from different countries and different institutions. When suggesting reviewers, the Corresponding Author must provide an institutional email address for each suggested reviewer, or, if this is not possible to include other means of verifying the identity such as a link to a personal homepage, a link to the publication record or a researcher or author ID in the submission letter. Please note that the Journal may not use the suggestions, but suggestions are appreciated and may help facilitate the peer review process.

These guidelines describe authorship principles and good authorship practices to which prospective authors should adhere to.

Authorship clarified

The Journal and Publisher assume all authors agreed with the content and that all gave explicit consent to submit and that they obtained consent from the responsible authorities at the institute/organization where the work has been carried out, before the work is submitted.

The Publisher does not prescribe the kinds of contributions that warrant authorship. It is recommended that authors adhere to the guidelines for authorship that are applicable in their specific research field. In absence of specific guidelines it is recommended to adhere to the following guidelines*:

All authors whose names appear on the submission

1) made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work;

2) drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content;

3) approved the version to be published; and

4) agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

* Based on/adapted from:

ICMJE, Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors,

Transparency in authors’ contributions and responsibilities to promote integrity in scientific publication, McNutt at all, PNAS February 27, 2018

Disclosures and declarations

All authors are requested to include information regarding sources of funding, financial or non-financial interests, study-specific approval by the appropriate ethics committee for research involving humans and/or animals, informed consent if the research involved human participants, and a statement on welfare of animals if the research involved animals (as appropriate).

The decision whether such information should be included is not only dependent on the scope of the journal, but also the scope of the article. Work submitted for publication may have implications for public health or general welfare and in those cases it is the responsibility of all authors to include the appropriate disclosures and declarations.

Data transparency

All authors are requested to make sure that all data and materials as well as software application or custom code support their published claims and comply with field standards. Please note that journals may have individual policies on (sharing) research data in concordance with disciplinary norms and expectations.

Role of the Corresponding Author

One author is assigned as Corresponding Author and acts on behalf of all co-authors and ensures that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately addressed.

The Corresponding Author is responsible for the following requirements:

• ensuring that all listed authors have approved the manuscript before submission, including the names and order of authors;
• managing all communication between the Journal and all co-authors, before and after publication;*
• providing transparency on re-use of material and mention any unpublished material (for example manuscripts in press) included in the manuscript in a cover letter to the Editor;
• making sure disclosures, declarations and transparency on data statements from all authors are included in the manuscript as appropriate (see above).

* The requirement of managing all communication between the journal and all co-authors during submission and proofing may be delegated to a Contact or Submitting Author. In this case please make sure the Corresponding Author is clearly indicated in the manuscript.

Author contributions

In absence of specific instructions and in research fields where it is possible to describe discrete efforts, the Publisher recommends authors to include contribution statements in the work that specifies the contribution of every author in order to promote transparency. These contributions should be listed at the separate title page.

Examples of such statement(s) are shown below:

• Free text:

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by [full name], [full name] and [full name]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [full name] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Example: CRediT taxonomy:

• Conceptualization: [full name], …; Methodology: [full name], …; Formal analysis and investigation: [full name], …; Writing - original draft preparation: [full name, …]; Writing - review and editing: [full name], …; Funding acquisition: [full name], …; Resources: [full name], …; Supervision: [full name],….

For review articles where discrete statements are less applicable a statement should be included who had the idea for the article, who performed the literature search and data analysis, and who drafted and/or critically revised the work.

For articles that are based primarily on the student’s dissertation or thesis , it is recommended that the student is usually listed as principal author:

A Graduate Student’s Guide to Determining Authorship Credit and Authorship Order, APA Science Student Council 2006

Affiliation

The primary affiliation for each author should be the institution where the majority of their work was done. If an author has subsequently moved, the current address may additionally be stated. Addresses will not be updated or changed after publication of the article.

Changes to authorship

Authors are strongly advised to ensure the correct author group, the Corresponding Author, and the order of authors at submission. Changes of authorship by adding or deleting authors, and/or changes in Corresponding Author, and/or changes in the sequence of authors are not accepted after acceptance of a manuscript.

• Please note that author names will be published exactly as they appear on the accepted submission!

Please make sure that the names of all authors are present and correctly spelled, and that addresses and affiliations are current.

Adding and/or deleting authors at revision stage are generally not permitted, but in some cases it may be warranted. Reasons for these changes in authorship should be explained. Approval of the change during revision is at the discretion of the Editor-in-Chief. Please note that journals may have individual policies on adding and/or deleting authors during revision stage.

Author identification

Authors are recommended to use their ORCID ID when submitting an article for consideration or acquire an ORCID ID via the submission process.

Deceased or incapacitated authors

For cases in which a co-author dies or is incapacitated during the writing, submission, or peer-review process, and the co-authors feel it is appropriate to include the author, co-authors should obtain approval from a (legal) representative which could be a direct relative.

Authorship issues or disputes

In the case of an authorship dispute during peer review or after acceptance and publication, the Journal will not be in a position to investigate or adjudicate. Authors will be asked to resolve the dispute themselves. If they are unable the Journal reserves the right to withdraw a manuscript from the editorial process or in case of a published paper raise the issue with the authors’ institution(s) and abide by its guidelines.

Confidentiality

Authors should treat all communication with the Journal as confidential which includes correspondence with direct representatives from the Journal such as Editors-in-Chief and/or Handling Editors and reviewers’ reports unless explicit consent has been received to share information.

To ensure objectivity and transparency in research and to ensure that accepted principles of ethical and professional conduct have been followed, authors should include information regarding sources of funding, potential conflicts of interest (financial or non-financial), informed consent if the research involved human participants, and a statement on welfare of animals if the research involved animals.

Authors should include the following statements (if applicable) in a separate section entitled “Compliance with Ethical Standards” when submitting a paper:

• Research involving Human Participants and/or Animals

Please note that standards could vary slightly per journal dependent on their peer review policies (i.e. single or double blind peer review) as well as per journal subject discipline. Before submitting your article check the instructions following this section carefully.

The corresponding author should be prepared to collect documentation of compliance with ethical standards and send if requested during peer review or after publication.

The Editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the above-mentioned guidelines. The author will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the above-mentioned guidelines.

Authors must disclose all relationships or interests that could influence or bias the work. Although an author may not feel there are conflicts, disclosure of relationships and interests affords a more transparent process, leading to an accurate and objective assessment of the work. Awareness of real or perceived conflicts of interests is a perspective to which the readers are entitled and is not meant to imply that a financial relationship with an organization that sponsored the research or compensation for consultancy work is inappropriate. Examples of potential conflicts of interests that are directly or indirectly related to the research may include but are not limited to the following:

• Research grants from funding agencies (please give the research funder and the grant number)
• Honoraria for speaking at symposia
• Financial support for attending symposia
• Financial support for educational programs
• Employment or consultation
• Support from a project sponsor
• Position on advisory board or board of directors or other type of management relationships
• Multiple affiliations
• Financial relationships, for example equity ownership or investment interest
• Intellectual property rights (e.g. patents, copyrights and royalties from such rights)
• Holdings of spouse and/or children that may have financial interest in the work

In addition, interests that go beyond financial interests and compensation (non-financial interests) that may be important to readers should be disclosed. These may include but are not limited to personal relationships or competing interests directly or indirectly tied to this research, or professional interests or personal beliefs that may influence your research.

The corresponding author collects the conflict of interest disclosure forms from all authors. In author collaborations where formal agreements for representation allow it, it is sufficient for the corresponding author to sign the disclosure form on behalf of all authors. Examples of forms can be found

The corresponding author will include a summary statement on the title page that is separate from their manuscript, that reflects what is recorded in the potential conflict of interest disclosure form(s).

Please make sure to submit all Conflict of Interest disclosure forms together with the manuscript.

See below examples of disclosures:

Funding: This study was funded by X (grant number X).

Conflict of Interest: Author A has received research grants from Company A. Author B has received a speaker honorarium from Company X and owns stock in Company Y. Author C is a member of committee Z.

If no conflict exists, the authors should state:

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval

When reporting a study that involved human participants, their data or biological material, authors should include a statement that confirms that the study was approved (or granted exemption) by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) and certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. If doubt exists whether the research was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration or comparable standards, the authors must explain the reasons for their approach, and demonstrate that an independent ethics committee or institutional review board explicitly approved the doubtful aspects of the study. If a study was granted exemption from requiring ethics approval, this should also be detailed in the manuscript (including the reasons for the exemption).

Retrospective ethics approval

If a study has not been granted ethics committee approval prior to commencing, retrospective ethics approval usually cannot be obtained and it may not be possible to consider the manuscript for peer review. The decision on whether to proceed to peer review in such cases is at the Editor's discretion.

Ethics approval for retrospective studies

Although retrospective studies are conducted on already available data or biological material (for which formal consent may not be needed or is difficult to obtain) ethics approval may be required dependent on the law and the national ethical guidelines of a country. Authors should check with their institution to make sure they are complying with the specific requirements of their country.

Ethics approval for case studies

Case reports require ethics approval. Most institutions will have specific policies on this subject. Authors should check with their institution to make sure they are complying with the specific requirements of their institution and seek ethics approval where needed. Authors should be aware to secure informed consent from the individual (or parent or guardian if the participant is a minor or incapable) See also section on Informed Consent .

If human cells are used, authors must declare in the manuscript: what cell lines were used by describing the source of the cell line, including when and from where it was obtained, whether the cell line has recently been authenticated and by what method. If cells were bought from a life science company the following need to be given in the manuscript: name of company (that provided the cells), cell type, number of cell line, and batch of cells.

It is recommended that authors check the NCBI database for misidentification and contamination of human cell lines. This step will alert authors to possible problems with the cell line and may save considerable time and effort.

Further information is available from the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC).

Authors should include a statement that confirms that an institutional or independent ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) approved the study and that informed consent was obtained from the donor or next of kin.

Research Resource Identifiers (RRID)

Research Resource Identifiers (RRID) are persistent unique identifiers (effectively similar to a DOI) for research resources. This journal encourages authors to adopt RRIDs when reporting key biological resources (antibodies, cell lines, model organisms and tools) in their manuscripts.

Organism: Filip1 tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi RRID:MMRRC_055641-UCD

Cell Line: RST307 cell line RRID:CVCL_C321

Antibody: Luciferase antibody DSHB Cat# LUC-3, RRID:AB_2722109

Plasmid: mRuby3 plasmid RRID:Addgene_104005

Software: ImageJ Version 1.2.4 RRID:SCR_003070

RRIDs are provided by the Resource Identification Portal . Many commonly used research resources already have designated RRIDs. The portal also provides authors links so that they can quickly register a new resource and obtain an RRID.

Clinical Trial Registration

The World Health Organization (WHO) definition of a clinical trial is "any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes". The WHO defines health interventions as “A health intervention is an act performed for, with or on behalf of a person or population whose purpose is to assess, improve, maintain, promote or modify health, functioning or health conditions” and a health-related outcome is generally defined as a change in the health of a person or population as a result of an intervention.

To ensure the integrity of the reporting of patient-centered trials, authors must register prospective clinical trials (phase II to IV trials) in suitable publicly available repositories. For example www.clinicaltrials.gov or any of the primary registries that participate in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform .

The trial registration number (TRN) and date of registration should be included as the last line of the manuscript abstract.

For clinical trials that have not been registered prospectively, authors are encouraged to register retrospectively to ensure the complete publication of all results. The trial registration number (TRN), date of registration and the words 'retrospectively registered’ should be included as the last line of the manuscript abstract.

Standards of reporting

Springer Nature advocates complete and transparent reporting of biomedical and biological research and research with biological applications. Authors are recommended to adhere to the minimum reporting guidelines hosted by the EQUATOR Network when preparing their manuscript.

Exact requirements may vary depending on the journal; please refer to the journal’s Instructions for Authors.

Checklists are available for a number of study designs, including:

Randomised trials (CONSORT) and Study protocols (SPIRIT)

Observational studies (STROBE)

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and protocols (Prisma-P)

Diagnostic/prognostic studies (STARD) and (TRIPOD)

Case reports (CARE)

Clinical practice guidelines (AGREE) and (RIGHT)

Qualitative research (SRQR) and (COREQ)

Animal pre-clinical studies (ARRIVE)

Quality improvement studies (SQUIRE)

Economic evaluations (CHEERS)

Summary of requirements

The above should be summarized in a statement and placed in a ‘Declarations’ section before the reference list under a heading of ‘Ethics approval’.

Please see the various examples of wording below and revise/customize the sample statements according to your own needs.

Examples of statements to be used when ethics approval has been obtained:

• All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of A (No. ...).

• This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University B (Date.../No. ...).

• Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of University C. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

• The questionnaire and methodology for this study was approved by the Human Research Ethics committee of the University of D (Ethics approval number: ...).

Examples of statements to be used for a retrospective study:

• Ethical approval was waived by the local Ethics Committee of University A in view of the retrospective nature of the study and all the procedures being performed were part of the routine care.

• This research study was conducted retrospectively from data obtained for clinical purposes. We consulted extensively with the IRB of XYZ who determined that our study did not need ethical approval. An IRB official waiver of ethical approval was granted from the IRB of XYZ.

• This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of University B approved this study.

Examples of statements to be used when no ethical approval is required/exemption granted:

• This is an observational study. The XYZ Research Ethics Committee has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.

• The data reproduced from Article X utilized human tissue that was procured via our Biobank AB, which provides de-identified samples. This study was reviewed and deemed exempt by our XYZ Institutional Review Board. The BioBank protocols are in accordance with the ethical standards of our institution and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Authors are responsible for correctness of the statements provided in the manuscript. See also Authorship Principles. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to reject submissions that do not meet the guidelines described in this section.

All individuals have individual rights that are not to be infringed. Individual participants in studies have, for example, the right to decide what happens to the (identifiable) personal data gathered, to what they have said during a study or an interview, as well as to any photograph that was taken. This is especially true concerning images of vulnerable people (e.g. minors, patients, refugees, etc) or the use of images in sensitive contexts. In many instances authors will need to secure written consent before including images.

Identifying details (names, dates of birth, identity numbers, biometrical characteristics (such as facial features, fingerprint, writing style, voice pattern, DNA or other distinguishing characteristic) and other information) of the participants that were studied should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, and genetic profiles unless the information is essential for scholarly purposes and the participant (or parent/guardian if the participant is a minor or incapable or legal representative) gave written informed consent for publication. Complete anonymity is difficult to achieve in some cases. Detailed descriptions of individual participants, whether of their whole bodies or of body sections, may lead to disclosure of their identity. Under certain circumstances consent is not required as long as information is anonymized and the submission does not include images that may identify the person.

Informed consent for publication should be obtained if there is any doubt. For example, masking the eye region in photographs of participants is inadequate protection of anonymity. If identifying characteristics are altered to protect anonymity, such as in genetic profiles, authors should provide assurance that alterations do not distort meaning.

Exceptions where it is not necessary to obtain consent:

• Images such as x rays, laparoscopic images, ultrasound images, brain scans, pathology slides unless there is a concern about identifying information in which case, authors should ensure that consent is obtained.

• Reuse of images: If images are being reused from prior publications, the Publisher will assume that the prior publication obtained the relevant information regarding consent. Authors should provide the appropriate attribution for republished images.

Consent and already available data and/or biologic material

Regardless of whether material is collected from living or dead patients, they (family or guardian if the deceased has not made a pre-mortem decision) must have given prior written consent. The aspect of confidentiality as well as any wishes from the deceased should be respected.

Data protection, confidentiality and privacy

When biological material is donated for or data is generated as part of a research project authors should ensure, as part of the informed consent procedure, that the participants are made aware what kind of (personal) data will be processed, how it will be used and for what purpose. In case of data acquired via a biobank/biorepository, it is possible they apply a broad consent which allows research participants to consent to a broad range of uses of their data and samples which is regarded by research ethics committees as specific enough to be considered “informed”. However, authors should always check the specific biobank/biorepository policies or any other type of data provider policies (in case of non-bio research) to be sure that this is the case.

Consent to Participate

For all research involving human subjects, freely-given, informed consent to participate in the study must be obtained from participants (or their parent or legal guardian in the case of children under 16) and a statement to this effect should appear in the manuscript. In the case of articles describing human transplantation studies, authors must include a statement declaring that no organs/tissues were obtained from prisoners and must also name the institution(s)/clinic(s)/department(s) via which organs/tissues were obtained. For manuscripts reporting studies involving vulnerable groups where there is the potential for coercion or where consent may not have been fully informed, extra care will be taken by the editor and may be referred to the Springer Nature Research Integrity Group.

Consent to Publish

Individuals may consent to participate in a study, but object to having their data published in a journal article. Authors should make sure to also seek consent from individuals to publish their data prior to submitting their paper to a journal. This is in particular applicable to case studies. A consent to publish form can be found

here. (Download docx, 36 kB)

The above should be summarized in a statement and placed in a ‘Declarations’ section before the reference list under a heading of ‘Consent to participate’ and/or ‘Consent to publish’. Other declarations include Funding, Competing interests, Ethics approval, Consent, Data and/or Code availability and Authors’ contribution statements.

Sample statements for "Consent to participate" :

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Informed consent was obtained from legal guardians.

Written informed consent was obtained from the parents.

Verbal informed consent was obtained prior to the interview.

Sample statements for “Consent to publish” :

The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the images in Figure(s) 1a, 1b and 1c.

The participant has consented to the submission of the case report to the journal.

Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.

Sample statements if identifying information about participants is available in the article:

Additional informed consent was obtained from all individual participants for whom identifying information is included in this article.

Images will be removed from publication if authors have not obtained informed consent or the paper may be removed and replaced with a notice explaining the reason for removal.

Upon acceptance, your article will be exported to Production to undergo typesetting. Once typesetting is complete, you will receive a link asking you to confirm your affiliation, choose the publishing model for your article as well as arrange rights and payment of any associated publication cost.

Once you have completed this, your article will be processed and you will receive the proofs.

Article publishing agreement

Depending on the ownership of the journal and its policies, you will either grant the Publisher an exclusive licence to publish the article or will be asked to transfer copyright of the article to the Publisher.

Offprints can be ordered by the corresponding author.

Color illustrations

Online publication of color illustrations is free of charge. For color in the print version, authors will be expected to make a contribution towards the extra costs.

Proof reading

The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor.

After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum, which will be hyperlinked to the article.

Online First

The article will be published online after receipt of the corrected proofs. This is the official first publication citable with the DOI. After release of the printed version, the paper can also be cited by issue and page numbers.

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• J Obstet Gynaecol India
• v.62(3); 2012 Jun

Indian Contribution to Obstetrics and Gynecology

C. n. purandare.

1 Grant Medical College, Mumbai, India

Madhuri A. Patel

2 ESI-PGIMSR, MGM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India

Geetha Balsarkar

3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, India

Right from the very beginning, it was the late Dr. (Ms.) Jerusha Jhirad’s dream “to be a doctor, to take the London MD, and to be in charge of the Cama Hospital.” This yearning was apparently inspired by a story she was told about her elder sister’s serious illness and how one Dr. Benson, at the Cama Hospital, had saved her sister's life.

Her story, nonetheless, seems like the stuff that fairy tales are woven off. Born on March 21, 1891, in the state of Mysore, Dr. Jhirad was of Jewish origin. She had a chequered career in her early years. From the age of eleven, she educated herself on merit scholarships at school and right through her college career at Grant Medical College, Bombay. She graduated in 1912 and set up general practice. She applied for the Tata Loan Scholarship to go abroad. Thus, she proceeded to the UK fully conscious of debt on her return. However, just before she sailed, she was persuaded to apply to the Government of India for a postgraduate scholarship for studies abroad, which had so far been only to men. The Government sanctioned a special scholarship for women, and she was the first recipient. Within less than 6 months of her departure to the UK, the Government not only paid for those 6 months, but also her fare and expenses toward equipment. The first thing she did was to pay off Tata’s loan.

The First World War broke out in 1914 soon after her arrival in London. This proved a boon to her. One of the conditions for admission to MD (Ob-Gyn), University of London was at least a 6 months’ residential post. An Indian could hardly get this facility. However, with the outbreak of the War, men had to be enlisted. This provided her the much-longed-for opportunity. She was taken on at the Elizabeth Garrett-Anderson Hospital, founded by the first medical woman in the UK. She served there for nearly 2 years, gaining good practical experience with enough opportunities for operative work. This enabled her to finally apply for her MD, which she took in 1919, a real step toward realizing her childhood dream.

However, on her return to Bombay, she found no openings at the Cama Hospital. There were no Honorary posts in Cama at the time. After a short consulting practice in Bombay, she took up a locum at the Lady Hardinge Hospital, New Delhi, and then went over to Bangalore at the invitation of the Senior Surgeon. She returned to Bombay in 1925 and was appointed Honorary Surgeon at the Cama Hospital. Three years later, in 1928, Dr. Jhirad was selected as Medical Officer of the Hospital, and thus her childhood dream had transcended into reality.

A Founder Member of the Bombay Obstetric and Gynaecological Society , Dr. Jhirad was made the Society’s 8th President in 1948. Throughout her active days, she cooperated with her colleagues in the Bombay Society as also at the Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India (FOGSI) to develop and to keep up its academic standards.

Dr. Jhirad presided over the 6th All India Obstetric and Gynaecological Congress held at Madras in 1950, in which it was decided to form the Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India (FOGSI), as also to start the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India. Dr. Jhirad was elected the first President of the Federation, and was, at the same time, requested to be the Editor of the journal. She retired as Editor in 1968. In appreciation of her services as Editor, the Federation decided to honour her as the Founder Editor.

Much of Dr. Jhirad’s interest in her active days was concentrated on Maternal and Child Welfare. One may say her life's dream fructified when she took charge of the Cama Hospital, Bombay. Antenatal, postnatal, and child welfare clinics were well organized, and the investigation of cases of sterility systematized. Honorary posts, with full responsibility for practical work were increased as also the number of resident posts. Postgraduate teaching was organized to give practical experience to Obstetrics and Gynaecology. To fulfil this objective, a hostel for postgraduates, the first one in Bombay at the time, was opened. This encouraged women postgraduates from all over India to avail of this facility.

Dr. Jhirad has been an Examiner for MD at Madras, Bombay, and Poona Universities for many years. She has worked on the Senate of Universities of Bombay and Poona as well as on the Syndicate in Bombay. She was invited by the Medical Council of India to inspect facilities for training in Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Universities of East Punjab and Calcutta.

She was Chairperson of the Committee for Maternal and Child Welfare IRFA (now ICMR) for some years. She carried out a statistical inquiry into Maternal Mortality in Bombay in 1937–1938, under IRFA and was also invited to deliver Orations at Bombay, Baroda, and Calcutta, the last of these being the Dr. Dossibai Dadabhoy Memorial Oration.

Even today, Dr. Jhirad is spoken of with awe and respect. In the pre-Independence days, the Government of India bestowed the honour of M.B.E. on her. She was also the proud recipient of the Padmashree award. When she died on June 2, 1984, it was not just a loss for the Bombay Society, but for the Federation and entire country as well. As Dr. Vasant Patwandhan so aptly puts it, “It was like a light had gone out of our lives.”

50 Best universities for Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB-GYN) in India

Updated: July 18, 2023

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Below is a list of best universities in India ranked based on their research performance in Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB-GYN). A graph of 25.3M citations received by 2.25M academic papers made by 50 universities in India was used to calculate publications' ratings, which then were adjusted for release dates and added to final scores.

We don't distinguish between undergraduate and graduate programs nor do we adjust for current majors offered. You can find information about granted degrees on a university page but always double-check with the university website.

1. All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi

For Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB-GYN)

2. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research

3. Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research

4. King George's Medical University

5. Pt. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences

6. Banaras Hindu University

7. Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences

8. Manipal Academy of Higher Education

9. Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences

10. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University

11. All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur

12. University of Delhi

13. Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research

14. Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology

15. Aligarh Muslim University

16. Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University

17. National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences

18. All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur

19. Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research

20. nizam's institute of medical sciences.

21. Jamia Hamdard University

22. Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R.Medical University

23. Osmania University

24. International Institute for Population Sciences

25. Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

26. Yenepoya University

27. Swami Rama Himalayan University

28. Christ University

29. Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana

30. JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research

31. Saveetha University

32. University of Calcutta

33. Amrita University

34. Homi Bhabha National Institute

35. Guru Nanak Dev University

36. Indian Veterinary Research Institute

37. University of Madras

38. BLDE University

39. Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sheikhpura

40. Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences

41. Sikkim Manipal University

42. NITTE University

43. Panjab University

44. Sharda University

45. Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research

46. Siksha O Anusandhan University

47. NIMS University

48. SRM Institute of Science and Technology

49. National Dairy Research Institute

50. Amity University

The best cities to study Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB-GYN) in India based on the number of universities and their ranks are Delhi , Chandigarh , Pondicherry , and Lucknow .

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Recent study identifies effective nutrition labels for India's diverse population

by George Institute for Global Health

Research at the George Institute for Global Health has provided important insights into the creation of front-of-pack nutrition labels (FoPLs) that are easy to understand and promote healthier food choices.

FoPLs of different types (reductive / interpretive) highlighting various components of packaged food are in use in many parts of the world. They are mandatory in some countries and voluntarily applied by manufacturers in others. FoPLs provide key information on food components that consumers can use to make choices and purchasing decisions, such as avoiding unhealthy options and choosing healthier ones.

India, which does not have an FoPL system in place yet, intends to implement one to promote informed decision-making on packaged food purchasing, as part of promoting healthier diets in the population.

While the use of FoPLs is linked to a lower risk of death and has been shown to be an equitable intervention across income groups, interpretive FoPLs, like the Health Star Rating, Multiple Traffic Lights, Nutri-Score, and Warning labels, offer an assessment of the nutritional quality of food products that is quicker and simpler to understand than the more complex information contained in the nutrition information panel.

As the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India(FSSAI) prepares to implement a front-of-pack label system in India, it is important to address the information needs and preferences of the population, and to develop a front-of-pack label (FoPL) that combines utility and acceptability for optimal impact. India is very diverse in literacy, especially health literacy, and in food habits and preferences. An FoPL in effective use elsewhere in the world cannot be applied directly to the Indian market. Responsiveness to the concerns of consumers, and adaptation to the range of literacy levels is essential in the development of an optimal FoPL for India.

This study was undertaken to inform the selection and development of an FoPL that addresses India's needs and preferences. This information may help the Indian population make better grocery and food choices. This is a crucial step towards tackling India's continuing nutrition shift and the increased prevalence of unhealthy packaged foods.

Commissioned by the World Health Organization, India, along with researchers Simone Pettigrew, Josyula K. Lakshmi, Palak Mahajan, and D. Praveen from The George Institute for Global Health, Michelle I. Jongenelis, Melbourne Center for Behavior Change and Claire Johnson, UNICEF, International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, conducted the study. The findings , published in Food Quality and Preference , can inform the Indian government's selection of a new FoPL system for India to give consumers easier access to nutritional information and healthier food options.

The world's most populous nation, India, has seen a marked change in eating habits, with a rise in the intake of processed and unhealthy foods. Nutrition-related diseases and obesity are becoming more prevalent. To solve this issue, the Indian government is developing and putting into place a front-of-pack nutrition labeling system.

The study included a survey of 1,270 adults from different regions of India to evaluate five different front-of-pack nutrition labels in use in different parts of the world, adapted to the Indian context.

Key findings from the study:

• 2-color Multiple Traffic Lights label performs best: Outperforming other labels, the 2-color Multiple Traffic Lights label was found to be the most successful in terms of both objective knowledge and food choice results.
• Color enhances interpretation: The study emphasizes how crucial it is to use color to help with interpretation when creating the new nutrition label that will be placed on products packaging in India.
• Consumer-friendly information: All front-of-pack nutrition labels that were examined had positive effects on perception, choice, and objective comprehension results. This highlights the potential contribution of such labels to helping consumers make healthier food choices.
• Nutrient-specific information preferred: Indian consumers evinced a preference for nutrient-specific information over summary indicator-only labels.

This study compared five FoPLs (adapted to the Indian context) on understanding of information presented and influence on food choice. Participants' perceptions of the labels' appearance, credibility, and usefulness were also elicited. These findings can inform the selection and adaptation of an informative and useful FoPL system for Indian consumers.

Dr. D Praveen, Researcher from The George Institute for Global Health said "Through extensive consultation with a diverse spectrum of Indian consumers, our study has conclusively shown that a 2-color label utilizing a traffic light format not only provides useful information but is also widely deemed effective, useful, and likable by most respondents. These findings hold immense potential to inform and guide the Indian Government in its ongoing efforts to implement a Front-of-Pack Labeling (FoPL) system that incorporates the features of this highly effective design."

The study's findings can serve as a reference to the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) and the Indian government when they work to create a front-of-pack nutrition labeling system. The goal is to promote healthier eating habits and slow the rise in diet-related illnesses by giving Indian customers easily available and understandable information about the nutritional value of packaged foods.

The implementation of an FoPL system will have the immediate effect of stimulating interest in the composition of packaged foods and raising awareness of the relative healthiness of various packaged food products, to enable people to make informed choices and decisions of food purchasing. It will also encourage transparency on the composition of packaged food, by packaged food manufacturers.

The sensitization to food composition and the healthiness of various food components will contribute to greater nutrition literacy and health literacy in general. Information and an enabling environment are vital for individuals and communities to be active, and proactive, in protecting and promoting their health. An effective and well-accepted FoPL system can be a key element in promoting healthier lifestyles.

This revolutionary research represents a significant advancement in India's efforts to build a more knowledgeable and health-conscious population where people may make educated food decisions to promote their general well-being.

More information: Simone Pettigrew et al, Developing and testing front-of-pack nutrition labels in India: An experimental study, Food Quality and Preference (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.105025 Journal information: Food Quality and Preference

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