globalization introduction thesis

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Globalization Essay

• Last Edited: December 19, 2018

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Globalization: Advantages, Disadvantages and Concerns

This essay discusses globalization and how social commentators and historians act like globalization is a new concept, but it’s not. It’s something that has occurred between nations for as long as nations have interacted. According to the SUNY Levin institute, “Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development, and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world (2018). Globalization has been around for thousands of years because people have been buying and selling to one another all over the world regardless of how much distance was between them.  For hundreds upon hundreds of years, people and companies have made strategic investments in the work of other countries, with many of the current traits of globalization that dominate today comparable to those that were the norm before World War One (SUNY Levin).

However, with the changes in policy and the advancements in technology of the last fifty years, globalization has been able to occur at a faster rate, making many social scientists assert that we are in a new arena of international economic development. As one author, Thomas Friedman has asserted, today globalization is “farther, faster, cheaper, and deeper”—and this is one of the reasons that globalization remains a very controversial topic. Globalization today has been pushed by policies that have opened up economies all over the world, that have helped nations far and wide boost their own productive potential. More and more companies all over the world have engaged in foreign partnerships, with so many of these changes driven by the rapid advances of technology and the ability to make immediate and informed analyses of economies all over the world (SUNY Levin).

Table of Contents

• 4 Essay Hook
• 5 Introduction
• 6 Thesis Statement
• 7.1 Advantages of Globalization
• 7.2 Disadvantages of Globalization
• 8 Conclusion
• 9 References
• Pros and Cons and Nuances: Looking at Globalization from Every Angle
• The Impact of Globalization Today
• Beyond Trade: How Globalization is Forging a Brave New World Today
• The Silent Partner: Globalization as International Influencer
• Impacts of Globalization: Now and Later
• Benefits of Globalization

Disadvantages of Globalization

• How Technology Affects Globalization
• Globalization from Political Perspective
• Globalization from an Economic Perspective: Poor vs. Wealthy Nations

I.  Introduction

a.  Brief definition of Globalization

b.  Brief overview of how globalization has almost always existed to some extent.

c.  Thesis: Globalization is more complex today as it is deeper and more intense that the Pre World War I variety and has more repercussions and entanglements.

II.  Advantages of Globalization

a.  – Economic Benefits

b.  – Social Benefits

c.  – Global Benefits

III. Disadvantages of Globalization

a.  – Cultural issues

b.  – Economic injustice

c.  –Spread of disease

Economic Issues and Globalization

a.  Benefits and Drawbacks

V.  Conclusion

Globalization has been a double-edged sword in American and all over the world, offering it both numerous benefits and drawbacks, conveniences and complexities. Given the inherent duality of globalization, it is worth taking a closer look at all the nuances connected to it.

Introduction

With each century that passes, humans all around the far stretches of the globe become closer, in an constantly moving process of global integration that seems to grow more rapid with each passing year.  As technology speeds ahead at a breakneck speed, the various sectors of the world become more interdependent. “Multinational corporations manufacture products in many countries and sell to consumers around the world. Money, technology and raw materials move ever more swiftly across national borders” (globalpolicy.org). However, it’s not just these tangible items that are moving swiftly across borders: ideas, rituals and cultures are crossing borders every swiftly as well which means that more policies and social movements develop on an international stage.

The globalization of today is not the globalization of 70 years ago. Much of the globalization that defined the 20th century has direct ties to the Industrial Revolution and the transport of goods across borders (Baldwin, 2018). This was a very specific type of globalization as it meant that it was measurable, countable, and had clear limitations of all mechanical and physical infrastructure along with clear policies such as taxes and tariffs to control it. Globalization today has evolved into a different form that still includes this original, more concrete form of trade: today globalization is the exchange of concepts and services and the implications for the future truly are immense and need to be expanded against our narrow 20th century paradigms. Hence, while globalization has transformed, most people have not changed their mindsets accordingly and their connected thought processes.

One way to illustrate how powerful globalization is revolves around the fact the if you look back to the year 1000, grouping India and China in one group and the G7 nations in another, you’ll see that India and China had the bulk (50%) of the gross domestic product and the G7 nations had under 10% of it (Baldwin, 2018). This was expected as in those days, nearly everyone depended on an agrarian economy and India and China had the majority of the world’s people so it made sense that they had the bulk of the GDP. “Starting around the 1820s—the decade economists Kevin H. O’Rourke of Oxford and Jeffrey G. Williamson of Harvard have pegged as the start of modern globalization—the G7 share starts to swell. Over the course of about 170 years, it goes from about one-fifth up to about two-thirds of world income. That’s how powerful globalization—the movement of goods across borders—was” (Baldwin, 2018). This demonstrates the sheer transformative force of globalization and how it has the ability to alter economies and lifestyles and modes of conduct. One could argue that the world is undergoing a similarly powerful transformative stage in this new form of globalization.

Thesis Statement

Globalization is a powerful force that can change the world and the lives within it very rapidly. It’s crucial to adequately understand how globalization work, the assets it provides and the challenges it creates in order to be able to harness its immense power.

Advantages of Globalization

The benefits of globalization are numerous and have made direct and sustainable contributions to society. With every potential benefit of globalization, there is of course a caveat, which demonstrates how often in the reality of globalization, things don’t often manifest as they “should” theoretically. For instance, those who support unfettered globalization push the fact that it offers the possibility to unravel some of the more complex issues that plague the world, such as unemployment and poverty (Collins, 2015). Supporters of globalization usually connect this to the potentialities that free trade can unleash, as it can minimize taxes and tariffs, something that isn’t often true in real life. Many G20 nations have continued to add 1200 more restrictive export and import measures in the last 10 years (Collins, 2018).  Regardless, those who see the benefits of globalization argue it represents free trade which can’t help but create global economic growth, the creation of jobs and drives competition between companies, ultimately lowering prices for consumers (Collins, 2018). However, the caveat attached to this advantage is that nations manipulate their currencies in order to receive a more aggravated price advantage (Collins, 2018).  Globalization “…also provides poor countries, through infusions of foreign capital and technology, with the chance to develop economically and by spreading prosperity, creates the conditions in which democracy and respect for human rights may flourish” (Collins, 2018). While many pessimists refer to this advantage as a mere “ethereal” goal and something that has yet to be achieved by most nations, one can’t help but acknowledge that progress has undeniably been made in both spreading prosperity, better respect for human rights and the dissemination of democratic principles.

Technology has been such an important aspect of modern globalization and of course, the Internet has shaped so much of how business is conducted today. There is now a global market for firms and customers who now have access to a range of nations they had never been able to interact with before. Even some of the smallest villages can begin to start their own businesses selling crafts and goods online: handmade baskets, necklaces, scarves etc. can all be made and sold online to people all over the world: there truly are endless possibilities. This is a huge change that has occurred in the world, because it honestly equates to economic freedom for so many people—most notably for girls and women all over the world who otherwise had no means of forging economic independence for themselves. This is a clear transformation to the way that people live and can reshape destinies, ensuring that more and more people have greater possibilities and are able to chart their financial paths and fate, no longer being dependent on farming alone.

One thing that globalization has always meant has been a greater sense of interdependence and inter-connectedness.  “Gradually there is a world power that is being created instead of compartmentalized power sectors. Politics is merging and decisions that are being taken are actually beneficial for people all over the world” (Collins, 2015). While this might be an overly optimistic viewpoint of what is happening in the world today, there is a higher level of consciousness that has occurred in conjunction with globalization that has ensured that powerful nations don’t merely think of themselves, but consider the bigger picture of their actions and how their actions make an impact on the greater world stage.

Another major benefit of globalization is that it forces there to a more intense exchange of information among nations, even nations that do not have anything particularly in common among them. This create more knowledge and ideally, greater understanding of nations all over the globe, and hopefully of America itself. For many decades, America has just been dismissed as a super-capitalist, fast-food nation, intent on materialism, gross foreign policy and saturating the rest of the world with its culture. There’s a far more nuanced perspective available of what America is like as a country, one that includes its promotion of individualism, world peace and a commitment to self-betterment. The greater the sense of understanding that can exist between nations, the greater an opportunity for there to be peace and mutual assistance. With greater information moving between nations, this opens the door for a greater cultural mingling (Collins, 2015). Sharing cultures, rituals, traditions with neighbors far and wide is another practice that can help build understanding. With greater understanding comes a bigger possibility to build world peace. This isn’t something that is going to happen overnight, but globalization in this manner can help sow the seeds. From a social perspective, one could argue that globalization has helped to forge a higher level of tolerance among people and among those who live differently than we do (Collins, 2015). Again this is another brick in the road towards world peace. When it comes to protecting and improving the environment, more governments around the world are working together to sort out ecological problems (Collins, 2015). While there haven’t been a greater deal of life-changing solutions that have emerged from these talks, the attempts have been made and the first steps are in motion to undo so much of the damage that has already been done.  This teamwork, however, has been a direct result of globalization, since globalization has cause more and more governments around the world to share financial interests. And finally, many people correctly view things like quick travel, rapid mass communication and the speedy dissemination of information via the Internet as one of the benefits of globalization (Collins, 2015). There have also been marked economic benefits of globalization, which will be discussed later.

One major disadvantage of globalization that has been cited again and again is that via the cultural exchange that occurs because of globalization, it has also created a destruction of cultural identities. “Culture sets the identity of one state to another; every country had its own main culture and subcultures, which represent that nation and symbolizes its society, character and way of life. In today’s world, we see three dominant world cultures; US, European Union and Japan. This cultural group sets the world’s agenda” (Sundby, 2018). When emerging nations such as Brazil, India and China come on the world stage, more and more people have argued that they are bending to the cultural influence of the big three.  However, supporters of globalization have argued that culture are continually changing and have evolved and adapted since the beginning of time—one shouldn’t necessarily blame globalization for that. The influence of cultures on one another is just more acute now.  However, these same critics of globalization argue that there’s a marked imbalance as America has such a profound influence on cultures all over the world, and to an unfair degree.

“Advancements in technology, has allowed dominance of American products in foreign countries, which is a threat to cultural identity of these foreign countries. American-based television, movies, music and literature are viewed worldwide. These often indoctrinate cultures into thinking the American way is the way to success and prosperity” (Sundby, 2018). The dominance of American way of life on the world stage, is a drawback of globalization as it can stifle and suffocate so many other cultural viewpoints. A Pew research study conducted in 2007 and which interviewed 47 nations found that 46 of them asserted that their traditional way of life was being erased (Sundby, 2018). Supporters of globalization argue that cultures of smaller nations aren’t being eradicated; they’re merely being forced to adapt to global forces more acutely and that this is a dynamic that is as old as time itself.

Another drawback of globalization revolves around the fact that may have argued that it leads to more mass migration and immigration, something that puts stress and burden on governments all over the world. “The dramatic increase in migration and influx of refugees had also brought new problems and pressures to many Governments and communities… Ever-expanding technological innovations allowed for automation of many tasks in industry and manufacturing and in services.  Workers were being displaced and unemployed” (un.org, 2016). Hence, this demonstrates one of the double-edged swords of globalization: while it gives more freedom to workers to travel around the world and market their skills, this tendency can alienate the existing labor market and put a downward pressure on wages (Collins, 2015).

The issue revolving jobs has been one of the biggest complaints about globalization. When factories move to lower cost nations that creates rife unemployment. “According to conservative estimates by Robert Scott of the Economic Policy Institute, granting China most favored nation status drained away 3.2 million jobs, including 2.4 million manufacturing jobs. He pegs the net losses due to our trade deficit with Japan ($78.3 billion in 2013) at 896,000 jobs, as well as an additional 682,900 jobs from the Mexico –U.S. trade-deficit run-up from 1994 through 2010” (Collins, 2015). These numbers reflect plainly how globalization can undermine the fiscal security of its people—even in developed nation like America. Even when workers in America don’t lose their jobs, they often have to deal with demands from employers for reductions in pay, when these same employers make threats to send these jobs overseas (Collins, 2015). Some have argued that globalization has essentially created a “culture of fear” for many workers around the world. Other have argued that the expansion of labor to cheaper nations is also what enables certain evils such as child labor and human trafficking.

Moreover, one of the most common complaints about globalization is that it heightens economic inequality: the rich become wealthier and the poor become more disadvantaged. “During the most recent period of rapid growth in global trade and investment, 1960 to 1998, inequality worsened both internationally and within countries. The UN Development Program reports that the richest 20 percent of the world’s population consume 86 percent of the world’s resources while the poorest 80 percent consume just 14 percent” (Collins, 2015). Anyone can see that this is just another manifestation of injustice and unless big changes are made, such economic inequality is just going to……..

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Globalization is as old as time itself. For as long as nations have existed they have interacted with one another. This is the way it has always been and it is not going to change any time soon. In order to have a more just and peaceful world, the disadvantages of globalization need to be better managed. However, globalization brings so many benefits and possibilities to the world it should not be scapegoated in the way that it currently is. Globalization, at its core, is simply trade and the after effects of trade, and this is a dynamic that we want to preserve between nations.

The benefits of globalization are clear: it offers massive economic benefits and greater understanding among nations, something that can ultimately lead to world peace. While the drawbacks of globalization are clear as it can cause inequality and labor issues, if managed properly these concerns can be overcome.

Baker, S. A., & Lawson, R. A. (2002, August 1). The Benefits of Globalization: An Economic Perspective. Retrieved from https://www.elca.org/JLE/Articles/934

Baldwin, R. (2018, April 30). Globalization is close to its ‘holy cow? moment. Retrieved from http://review.chicagobooth.edu/economics/2018/article/globalization-close-its-holy-cow-moment

Collins, M. (2015, May 6). The Pros And Cons Of Globalization. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikecollins/2015/05/06/the-pros-and-cons-of-globalization/#3770fdbccce0

Globalpolicy.org. (2018). Globalization. Retrieved from https://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization.html

Sundby, L. (2018). Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization | LYNDIE SUNDBY. Retrieved from http://blogs.mtroyal.ca/lynd/foundations-and-icd/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-globalization/

SUNY Levin. (n.d.). What Is Globalization? | Globalization101. Retrieved from http://www.globalization101.org/what-is-globalization/

UN.org. (2016, October 7). Drawbacks of Globalization, Technology Expansion among Topics Highlighted, at Second Committee, Economic and Social Council Joint Meeting | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/press/en/2016/gaef3451.doc.htm

This globalization looks at the most common definitions of globalization, along with the history of globalization and how globalization has transformed itself in the modern age. This essay has taken a long hard look at the benefits and drawbacks of globalization and the challenges it presents in the modern era.

Subsequent essays on globalization should explore more workable solutions regarding the best ways to manage the drawbacks of this phenomenon. Once the imbalances of globalization are better ironed out, it will be able to benefit more people.

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Intro and Thesis statement on Globalization

linooz 1 / 1   Nov 3, 2008   #1 please review my intro and thesis statement paragraph for clarity and grammar. Thanks!!! Globalization is having an overwhelmingly positive impact on the developing countries around the world. Economic prosperity of China, South Korea, and India, that was considered to be a Third world country 15-20 years ago, are now successfully thriving in the global market. Evident by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and CIA World Factbook listing them in the top 15 of the 2007 per capita Gross Domestic Product (value of goods and services produced in a year) listing. As the world integrates into one body, we are all inter-connected by the commerce of goods and services. Although there is a vast discrepancy in wealth between the developed and less developed countries, tremendous progress is being made to balance the economic inequality. This essay will explore how Globalization is drastically improving the standard of living of Third World nations by examining international commerce, accessibility to education, and technology.

EF_Team5 - / 1,586   Nov 3, 2008   #2 This is an excellent thesis statement. You are broad in the beginning with an interesting and credible opening, and narrow down at the end to the exact statement of what you will be writing. Very nice work.

OP linooz 1 / 1   Nov 3, 2008   #3 Gloria, Thank you for the prompt feedback. It is much appreciated! Now to the task of completing the essay. Len

Thesis Statement On Globalization

Globalization and the northern territory intervention.

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The Elimination of the Middle Class

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The Impact of Globalization on Public Health in United States

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The Role of Internet in Cultural Globalization

At this point of time, globalization has grown to be a phenomenon that is significantly important economically, politically, and culturally. The amalgamation and incorporation of the world economy around the globe has reshaped business. Not only this, it has created "new social classes, different jobs, unimaginable wealth, and, occasionally, wretched poverty" (Kiggundu 2002, p. 4) by restructuring the lives of the individuals. For some, globalization is associated to modernism and contemporary practices. Others understand it as American domination (particularly those living in Asia). On the other hand, some people believe it to be the emasculation of America (Kiggundu 2002, p. 4).

Exploring globalization Essay

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The Age Of Exploration

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Impact Of Technology On The Banking Industry

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Essay about The Benefits of Globalization

The other component that globalization greatly effects is culture. There is an exchange and spread of ideas such as religion, music, food, and traditions within different cultures. Globalization has increased the spread of popular culture easily and efficiently from the developed countries of the North throughout the world. Many media markets in undeveloped countries are saturated with productions from the Northern developed countries. Many have tried to silence the cultural expression, but due to the large globalization of our world the values and cultural taste are underway in the globalization process.

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The economy is not the only area effected by globalization. Cultural globalization is also of critical importance. It is spread through the media, books, and even through the news. Since world news and information are often shared across countries, it is a sign of merging cultures through entertainment and media technology. The fact that television shows like South Park and Arthur are shown in multiple countries; shows that the cultures are becoming globalized.

Synthesis Essay On Globalization

Globalization is a major issue in our world today. But it can be seen through many different perspectives, some see it as a negative thing, but some people also see the positives within it and some people have mixed views. Globalization is the spreading of different views, this can political views, social views, and economic views being spread throughout the world where it once wasn’t present. Globalization shapes the way people live and what they do on a day to day basis, or what’s going on around them like technological advancement. Globalization affects everyone, what we do, what we eat all shapes our individual and collective identities.

Globalization and Culture Essay

Globalization simply defined is the intensification of global interactions. The case studies we have studied depict two of the main types of globalization. Economic Globalization, which is the production, exchange, distribution, and consumption of goods and tangible services, and Cultural Globalization, the exchange of materials and symbols that represent facts, meaning values and beliefs. When Globalization occurs it usually has a major impact on indigenous cultures. Optimists or “champions” state that the relationship between culture and globalization has positive effects as it creates a balance between nations. Conversely, critics state that relationships between the two have negative effects, leading to the loss or deterioration of a

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• Globalisation Essay

Essay on Globalisation

Globalization means the integration of economies and societies through the flow of information, ideas, technology, goods, services, capital, finance, and people. The true meaning of Globalization in a broad sense is connecting in all areas of human life. It is the process by which other companies or organizations enhance their international reputation or start operating internationally. 

Globalization began thousands of years ago when people and companies bought and sold in distant lands. In the Middle Ages, Central Asia was connected to China and Europe via the famous Silk Road. After World War II and the last two decades, governments of many countries have adopted free-market economies. They have greatly increased their own production potential and created countless new opportunities for international trade and investment. New routes and means to transport goods have been discovered, which has allowed the people to expand their business easily and efficiently. 

The government has reduced all trade barriers and concluded new international agreements to promote trade in goods, services and investment. This profitable action has created opportunities for international trade. In foreign markets, companies with these new opportunities set up new factories and establish production and marketing relationships with foreign partners. Hence, Globalization is defined as an international industrial and financial enterprise.

Overview of Globalization

Globalization means the assimilation of economics and societies through the flow of information, ideas, technologies, goods, services, capital, finance, and people. The real meaning of Globalization in a broad sense is connectivity in all aspects of human life. It is the process where the businesses or other organizations expand international authority or start operating on an international scale.

How the Existence of Globalization Came Into Being?

Globalization had started many thousands of years ago when people and corporations were buying and selling across lands at great distances. In the middle age, Central Asia connected with China and Europe through the famed Silk Road. After the Second World War II and during the last two decades, the governments of many countries have adopted free-market economic systems. They increased their own productive potential immensely and created innumerable new opportunities for international trade and investment.

The governments have reduced all barriers to commerce and established new international agreements to promote trade in goods, services and investments. These beneficial measures gave rise to opportunities for global trade. With these new opportunities in the foreign markets, corporations established new factories and started production and marketing alliances with foreign partners. Hence, Globalization is defined as an international industrial and financial business structure.

Advantages and Disadvantages

The frontiers of the state with increased confidence in the market economy and renewed policies in the private capital and resources, a process of structural adjustment spurred by the studies and with the support of the World Bank and other international organizations have started in many of the developing countries. Globalization has also brought in new opportunities to developing countries. Greater access to developed country markets and technology transfer has promised to improve their productivity and higher standards. 

At the same time, Globalization has also created challenges like growing inequality across and within nations, instability in the financial market and environmental deterioration. Globalization is a fascinating exhibition that can be understood as a global system of competition and connectivity. It has created tough competition among countries and global corporations.

Impact of Globalization in India

The British Colonial rule had destroyed the self-sufficient economy of India and left India to be the poorest Independent country. Our first Prime Minister gave preference to a mixed economy to boost the economic condition of the country. Public sectors were set up along with the private enterprises, but because of the socialistic model of the economy, the new strategy did not produce profitable results. Due to this, a number of public sectors became sick and the growth rates of production began to fall. 

During that time, the poverty of the people in India was increasing at an alarming rate and because of low domestic savings and acute balance of payment crisis, there was no adequate capital for investment. During that time of crisis, Prime Minister PV Narsimha Rao introduced the policy of liberalization, privatization to overcome the financial situation. 

India opened up to Globalization after the economic policy of 1991 came into force. Mounting debts and pressure from the International Monetary Fund drove the nation to go global. The process of Globalization has been an integral part of the recent economic growth of India. Globalization has played a very significant role in the growth of export, leading to the expansion of the job market in India. One of the major sectors of Globalization in India has been in the growth of outsourced IT and Business Process Outsourcing services. There has been an incredible increase in the number of skilled professionals in India employed by domestic and foreign companies to cater service to the customers globally, especially in the USA and Europe. 

There was not a doubt that Globalization in India brought a monumental change in the living standards of the people. People in India realized many benefits from Globalization. The establishment of multinational companies generating billions of jobs and access to umpteen numbers of brands and an increase in the forex reserves of the country took India to a higher platform globally. Despite this monumental change in the economy of the country, India also faced the challenges of severe competition from the foreign market and the domestic producers started fearing marginalization and pulverization because of the better quality products produced by the foreign producers.

Globalization had both desirable and undesirable consequences for India and the world. Even though it has accelerated progress in some countries, it has also widened the gap between the rich and the poor.

The impact of Globalization has been both positive and negative on the entire world, but we can surely hope for more advancement in the global economy due to this process.

FAQs on Globalisation Essay

1. How Did Globalization Help India to Improve the Economic Conditions?

Globalization generated umpteen employment opportunities for the people of India by establishing multinational companies. The policy of liberalization and privatization invited foreign traders to do business with India. This has increased the inflow of men, money, material, labor, technology, etc., from foreign countries to India. People have access to foreign brands and the living standards have improved drastically.

2. How is Globalization a Threat to Domestic Producers?

The domestic producers fear marginalization and pulverization because of the entry of foreign and better quality products.

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Globalization?

With increasing confidence in market economies and new policies on private capital and resources, many developing countries are beginning to adapt to developments with the support of the World Bank and other international institutions involved in research and development. Globalization also offers new opportunities for developing countries. Greater access to markets in developed countries and the transfer of technology will increase their productivity and demand.

At the same time, Globalization has created challenges such as increasing inequality between and within countries, instability of financial markets and environmental degradation. Globalization is an interesting exhibition that can also be seen as a system of competition and international relations. This has created intense competition between countries and international companies. 

4. What do you mean by Globalization?

Globalization means the integration of economies and societies through the flow of information, ideas, technology, goods, services, capital, finance, and people. The true meaning of Globalization in a broad sense is a connectedness in all areas of human life. It is the process by which other companies or organizations enhance their international reputation or start operating internationally. Globalization has its own benefits and drawbacks. We can learn more about Globalization and how to write an essay on it in detail on the Vedantu website, which has all the necessary materials that students need in order to write an essay on Globalization. 

5. How can Globalization help India improve its economic situation?

In our present times, Globalization has been a boon to many people as it not only allows companies to expand their business but also makes things accessible for everyone. In a simple sense, we can say that it helps in connecting people with the world. Globalization has created many job opportunities in India through the creation of multinational companies. Policies of liberalization and privatization have encouraged foreign traders to trade with India. This has increased the number of people, money, materials, labor, technology and so on—inflows from abroad to India. People have access to foreign brands and the standard of living has improved significantly.

6. How does Globalization threaten domestic producers?

Domestic producers are afraid of marginalization and due to the entry of foreign and better quality products into the market. Globalization can be associated with increasing income and wealth inequality. Many of the world's poorest people lack access to basic technologies and public goods. They are excluded from treatment. Some critics of globalization point to the loss of economic and cultural diversity as international multinational giants and brands dominate domestic markets in many countries. Globalization can hinder competition if international companies with dominant brands and high technology gain a foothold in key markets, be it telecommunications, the automotive industry, and so on.

7. What are the main industries that have grown tremendously because of Globalization?

The integration of national economies into the global economy is one of the most important developments of the last century. This process of integration, often referred to as Globalization, has manifested itself in a tremendous increase in cross-border trade.

The outsourcing business has grown exponentially due to Globalization. The main industries resulting from Globalization are trade and commerce. Automobile companies, clothing manufacturers and transportation, are the three main industries taken over as a result of Globalization.

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1 The Globalization Thesis on the State

• Published: April 2009
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Drawing upon the work of the critics of globalization, this chapter sets out several major hypotheses on the consequences of globalization, and singles out one for investigation relating to the impact on the state. Briefly put, the selected hypothesis posits the dismantlement, retrenchment, or erosion of the economic and welfare roles of the state that existed prior to globalization and liberalization. However, such an outcome cannot be taken to be true on assertion alone. It needs to be tested empirically against the available quantitative and qualitative data.

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